Landmark detection

Landmark identification is crucial in quantifying cephalometric analysis such as Steiner, Bjork, Ricketts, Kim, Nagasaki, etc. For applying these analysis to cephalometric image, dentist or orthodontist need to annotate some group of landmarks that corresponding to specified analysis.

Cervical vertebra maturation (CVM) staging in lateral cephalometric radiographs is an efficient method to determine skeletal maturation, as lateral cephalometric radiography is routinely required for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontic practice with no additional radiographs required to assess the CVM stages.